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91.
Sebastián Serna-Loaiza Alfredo Martínez Yuri Pisarenko Carlos Ariel Cardona-Alzate 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2018,25(36):35949-35959
During last decades, there has been a growing interest of decreasing the environmental impact generated by humans. This situation has been approached from different perspectives being the integral use of raw materials as one of the best alternatives. It was estimated that 3.7?×?109 tonnes of agricultural residues are produced annually worldwide. Then, the integral use of feedstocks has been studied through the biorefinery concept. A biorefinery can be a promissory option for processing feedstocks in rural zones aiming to boost the techno-economic and social growth. However, many plants produced at small scale in rural zones without high industrial use contribute with residues usually not studied as raw materials for other processes. Cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) is a plant grown extensively in tropical regions. Nigeria, China, and Ghana are the main producers with 1.3, 1.18, and 0.9 million tonnes/year, respectively. In Colombia, there are no technified crops, but it is used where it is grown mainly as animal feed. This plant consists of leaves, stem, and a tuber but the use is generally limited to the leaves, discarding the other parts. These discarded parts have great potential (lignocellulose and starch). This work proposes different processing schemes using the parts of the plant to obtain value-added products, and their techno-economic and environmental assessment. The simulation was performed with Aspen Plus and the economic package was used for the economic assessment. For the environmental assessment, Waste Algorithm Reduction of the U.S. EPA was implemented. The obtained results showed that the integral use of plants under a biorefinery scheme allows obtaining better techno-economic and environmental performance and that small-scale biorefineries can be a promissory option for boosting rural zones. 相似文献
92.
Alva-Araujo Jean Poll Escalante-Maldonado Oscar Cabrejos Ramos Ruddy Alfredo 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2021,23(8):11990-12005
Environment, Development and Sustainability - Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic is one of the biggest public health issues in the last years. The WHO has... 相似文献
93.
Alfredo Sirkis 《Local Environment》2013,18(1):83-95
Rio de Janeiro has developed, since 1992, an 84 km cycling network, more as the outcome of green and NGO lobbying than of clear cut and continuous government choices. The city transport policies are widely dominated by car and bus oriented priorities with insufficient investment in rail, ferryboat and other mass transport options. Bicycle use is potentially part of a new policy aimed at reducing automobile dependence and its social and environmental consequences. The Rio experience was influenced by the Dutch example, especially the Amsterdam achievements. The process of building this cycling infrastructure is also a political and cultural one, sometimes encountering tough resistance from some sectors of the city government and the public, hostile to an investment they consider futile. However, opinion polls conducted in Rio have shown impressive support for bike networking. The main conditions for success are: good integration, maintenance and security; appropriate support infrastructure; and continuity with regular investments and upgrading. 相似文献
94.
Parolini M Binelli A Marin MG Matozzo V Masiero L Provini A 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(4):2001-2015
This study presents the first evaluation of the current pollution by polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) of surface sediments
from the Lagoon of Venice. We focused the research on tri-to hepta-BDEs, the main components of penta- and octa-mixtures,
which are considered to be the most toxic for the biocoenosis. The results pointed out a quite homogeneous contamination of
this keystone European transitional environment, with ∑ 13PBDEs values ra nging from 0.39 to 6.78 ng/g dry weight; these values reflect low to moderate pollution levels, which is in
conformity to other coastal European ecosystems. The average PBDE profile of the lagoon sediments follows this decreasing
trend of congeners: BDE-47>BDE-99> >BDE-190>BDE-28>BDE-153>BDE-154>BDE-138, BDE-183, and BDE-17, which is similar to the worldwide
distribution pattern. BDE-47 and BDE-99 revealed a recent use of a penta-BDE mixture, while the presence of hepta-BDEs (BDE-183
and BDE-190) in all of the sites can indicate the actual use of a deca-BDE formulation, because these congeners are considered
to be debrominated byproducts of BDE-209 degradation. 相似文献
95.
Katherine A. Alfredo Chad Seidel Amlan Ghosh J. Alan Roberson 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2017,189(3):124
When a new drinking water regulation is being developed, the USEPA conducts a health risk reduction and cost analysis to, in part, estimate quantifiable and non-quantifiable cost and benefits of the various regulatory alternatives. Numerous methodologies are available for cumulative risk assessment ranging from primarily qualitative to primarily quantitative. This research developed a summary metric of relative cumulative health impacts resulting from drinking water, the relative health indicator (RHI). An intermediate level of quantification and modeling was chosen, one which retains the concept of an aggregated metric of public health impact and hence allows for comparisons to be made across “cups of water,” but avoids the need for development and use of complex models that are beyond the existing state of the science. Using the USEPA Six-Year Review data and available national occurrence surveys of drinking water contaminants, the metric is used to test risk reduction as it pertains to the implementation of the arsenic and uranium maximum contaminant levels and quantify “meaningful” risk reduction. Uranium represented the threshold risk reduction against which national non-compliance risk reduction was compared for arsenic, nitrate, and radium. Arsenic non-compliance is most significant and efforts focused on bringing those non-compliant utilities into compliance with the 10 μg/L maximum contaminant level would meet the threshold for meaningful risk reduction. 相似文献
96.
97.
Michael Kundi Alfredo Parrella Margherita Lavorgna Emma Criscuolo Chiara Russo Marina Isidori 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(15):14771-14779
The combined genotoxic effects of four anticancer drugs (5-fluorouracil [5-FU], cisplatin [CDDP], etoposide [ET], and imatinib mesylate [IM]) were studied testing their binary mixtures in two crustaceans that are part of the freshwater food chain, namely Daphnia magna and Ceriodaphnia dubia. Genotoxicity was assessed using the in vivo comet assay. Assessment was based on two distinct effect sizes determined from dose-response experiments. Doses for single and combined exposures expected to result in these effect sizes were computed based on Bliss independence as reference model. Statistical comparison by analysis of variance of single and combined toxicities allowed accepting or rejecting the independency hypothesis. The results obtained for D. magna showed independent action for all mixtures except for IM+5-FU that showed an antagonistic interaction. In C. dubia, most mixtures had antagonist interactions except IM+5-FU and IM+CDDP that showed Bliss independence. Despite the antagonistic interactions, our results demonstrated that combinations of anticancer drugs could be of environmental concern because effects occur at very low concentrations that are in the range of concentrations encountered in aquatic systems. 相似文献
98.
Ignacio Alejandro Pérez-Legaspi Luis Alfredo Ortega-Clemente Jesús David Moha-León Elvira Ríos-Leal Sergio Curiel-Ramírez Gutiérrez Isidoro Rubio-Franchini 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2016,51(2):103-106
This study assesses the growth of the microalgae Nannochloris oculata in the presence of lindane and the ability of N. oculata to remove lindane from media. Algal biomass increased with 0.1 and 0.5 mg L?1 of lindane, and lindane concentrations in the media decreased. N. oculata removed 73% and 68.2% of lindane in the 0.1 and 0.5 mg L?1 media concentrations, respectively. Algal biomass decreased to the level of the control at lindane concentrations greater than 2.5 mg L?1, probably due to toxicity. N. oculata removed lindane from the media at concentrations lower than 1.0 mg L?1. Thus, N. oculata may be useful for lindane bioremediation in contaminated aquatic systems. 相似文献
99.
Fernández-Guisuraga José Manuel Castro Amaya Alves Célia Calvo Ana Alonso-Blanco Elisabeth Blanco-Alegre Carlos Rocha Alfredo Fraile Roberto 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(17):17171-17182
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study provides an analysis of the spatial distribution and trends of NO, NO2 and O3 concentrations in Portugal between 1995 and 2010.... 相似文献
100.